Three-Dimensional Cubic Barcodes
"Three-Dimensional Cubic Barcodes" by Golnoosh Elhami; Adam Scholefield; Martin Vetterli
Abstract:
We consider three-dimensional cubic barcodes, consisting of smaller cubes, each built from one of two possible materials and carry one bit of information. To retrieve the information stored in the barcode, we measure a 2D projection of the barcode using a penetrating wave such as X-rays, either using parallel-beam or cone-beam scanners from an unknown direction. We derive a theoretical representation of this scanning process and show that for a known barcode pose with respect to the scanner, the projection operator is linear and can be easily inverted. Moreover, we provide a method to estimate the unknown pose of the barcode from a single 2D scan. We also propose coding schemes to correct errors and ambiguities in the reconstruction process. Finally, we test our designed barcode and reconstruction algorithms with several simulations, as well as a real-world barcode acquired with an X-ray cone-beam scanner, as a proof of concept.
Funding
Funding Agency: Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant 200 021 181 978/1, “SESAM - Sensing and Sampling: Theory and Algorithms”
References
Published in : IEEE Transactions on Image Processing on 28 April, 2022. Volume: 31 On Page(s): 3166-3181 Print ISSN: 1057-7149 Online ISSN: 1941-0042, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TIP.2021.3120049.